美国吸引国外人才的政策主要涉及工作签证、绿卡申请、创业支持和高技能移民。首先，工作签证如H-1B和L-1允许公司雇佣外国专业人才和调动跨国员工。其次，绿卡申请通过EB-1、EB-2、EB-3类别为杰出人才和技术工人提供永久居留的途径，雇主需通过PERM劳工认证证明没有合适的美国工人。
此外，创业签证如E-2签证为希望在美国投资和经营的外国人提供机会，国际学生在毕业后可以通过OPT（Optional Practical Training）进行实习，STEM专业的学生可延长实习时间。
最后，为了吸引高技能人才，美国政府不断优化相关政策，特别是在STEM领域，支持国家科学基金会（NSF）和国家卫生研究院（NIH）等机构的研究资助和奖学金。这些政策旨在促进经济增长和技术创新，同时满足美国企业对高技能劳动力的需求。
The U.S. policies to attract foreign talent mainly involve work visas, green card applications, entrepreneurial support, and high-skilled immigration. Firstly, work visas such as H-1B and L-1 allow companies to hire foreign professionals and transfer employees across borders. Secondly, green card applications through EB-1, EB-2, and EB-3 categories provide permanent residency for outstanding talents and skilled workers, where employers must prove there are no suitable American workers through PERM labor certification.
Additionally, entrepreneurial visas like the E-2 visa provide opportunities for foreigners looking to invest and operate businesses in the U.S., and international students can engage in Optional Practical Training (OPT) after graduation, with STEM students eligible for extensions.
Finally, to attract high-skilled talent, the U.S. government continuously optimizes related policies, especially in the STEM fields, supporting research grants and scholarships from institutions like the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). These policies aim to promote economic growth and technological innovation while meeting the demand for skilled labor in U.S. companies.